
Decades of research and collaborations have transformed the outlook for cancers affecting children (ages 0 to 14) and adolescents (ages 15 to 19), collectively referred to as the pediatric cancers in this report.

Evidence-based frameworks for survivorship care, including the Children’s Oncology Group Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines, are essential to monitoring, preventing, and managing late effects across the lifespan.
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Changes in the genome, epigenome, developmental pathways, and tumor microenvironment contribute to how pediatric cancers originate, progress, and respond to treatment.
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Enormous progress has been made in the treatment of pediatric cancers over the past several decades, as reflected in the greater than 85 percent 5-year relative survival rates for all cancers combined.
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